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- MEDICINE, Page 66Stalking a Shadowy Assailant
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- The Government tries to find the cause of a devastating fatigue
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- The symptoms are bad enough: sluggishness, sore muscles,
- fever, headaches and depression. But on top of all that, people
- who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome often have to endure
- accusations of hypochondria. Now, years after the mysterious
- CFS gained notoriety as the "yuppie disease," the U.S.
- Government is finally starting to take it seriously. The
- Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, which has been
- receiving about 1,000 calls a month from people who claim to
- be CFS victims, or from their relatives or doctors, has
- launched a $1 million "surveillance program" in which 350
- physicians will study CFS patients in Reno, Atlanta, Grand
- Rapids and Wichita. "We're sort of starting from ground zero
- with this illness," says Walter Gunn of the CDC's viral
- diseases division.
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- To many experts, the CDC program comes none too soon. Last
- month, when 50 researchers gathered at the world's first CFS
- symposium in Cambridge, England, Dr. Byron Hyde of Ottawa
- called the illness "a major health and economic threat, second
- only to that of AIDS," and berated governments for "turning
- their backs to this health disaster."
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- No one knows how prevalent the illness is. Many doctors
- believe a plethora of past and present ailments, given such
- names as Royal Free disease, neurasthenia, myalgic
- encephalomyelitis and chronic mononucleosis, are all forms of
- CFS. The first documented CFS-like epidemic occurred in Los
- Angeles more than 50 years ago, and a serious one struck 1,136
- people in Iceland in 1948. A huge outbreak in 1984 affected as
- many as 100,000 people in the U.S., Canada and New Zealand, and
- fresh reports have popped up steadily since then. While CFS
- seems to strike young professionals with energetic life-styles
- particularly hard, CDC's Gunn says it was a mistake to label
- it a yuppie disease, since it affects "people of all ages, from
- all walks of life."
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- Researchers have yet to pinpoint the cause of CFS. The
- Epstein-Barr virus is active in some, but not all, sufferers,
- and experts doubt it is the root of the trouble. The illness
- seems to involve some malfunction of the immune system, perhaps
- triggered by stress, that can allow any number of normally
- dormant viruses, including Epstein-Barr, herpes VI and even
- polio-like pathogens, to become active.
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- The illness is hard to diagnose, but fevers, swollen lymph
- nodes, muscle weakness, headaches and bouts of fatigue that
- last for six months or more can all be signs of CFS. Many
- patients are unable to work and even become bedridden. Alan
- Tolkoff, a Los Angeles management consultant who has recovered
- from CFS, got so weak that his wife had to spoon-feed him. With
- no specific tests to pinpoint the syndrome, patients having
- milder symptoms can go through several physicians before
- finding one who believes something is seriously wrong. However,
- more and more doctors are listening to the complaints and
- learning to distinguish CFS patients from people with
- tendencies toward hypochondria and depression.
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- With the CDC on the case, a better understanding of the
- illness may not be too far away. In the meantime, CFS sufferers
- are getting impatient. "The surveillance program is better than
- nothing," says 37-year-old Barry Sleight, a CFS patient and
- lobbyist in Bethesda, Md., "but it needs to be expanded. My
- God, this is an epidemic."
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- By Linda Williams. With reporting by Cheryl Crooks/Los Angeles.
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